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Objective@#To understand the prevalence of low vision among Tujia and Han children and adolescents in Tujia inhabited areas, and to provide reference for the prevention and control of myopia in children and adolescents in minority areas.@*Methods@#A cluster sampling of Tujia and Han primary school students from two primary schools in Lichuan City, Enshi Tujia and Miao Autonomous Prefecture, Hubei Province (2 466 Tujia and 971 Han) were selected for visual acuity assessment. Univariate χ 2 test and multivariate Logistic analysis were used. Low vision and associated factors between Tujia and Han nationality were compared.@*Results@#The overall detection rate of low vision among children and adolescents in Tujia inhabited areas was 44.9%. There were differences in the degree of low vision in the left and right eyes of individuals, and the detection rate of low vision varied significantly by ethnic, gender and grade ( χ 2=22.10, 18.43, 19.06, 17.97 for the left eye, 17.52, 20.44, 21.49, 18.61 for the right eye, P < 0.05). There were many factors affecting low vision among children and adolescents in Tujia inhabited areas, overweight and obesity were negatively associated with low vision ( OR=1.81, 1.70, 95%CI=1.76-1.92, 1.66-1.82, P <0.01).@*Conclusion@#Low vision is highly prevalent in Tujia children and adolescents. Effective intervention measures should be taken to treat and prevent myopia in children and adolescents.
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BACKGROUND: Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells have been induced into islet-like cell mass in vitro. However, little researches reported on the morphological changes of cells, the types of endocrine cells in the islet-like cell mass and their relationships. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the morphological changes of cells in the differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells into islet-like structure and to explore the composition and distribution of endocrine cells. METHODS: Passage 3 bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells growing well were cultured and expanded until the cell colonies occupies 80% of the bottom of the culture bottle, and the pancreatic tissue lysate was added for continuous induction. Dithizone staining was used to screen the islet-like cell mass directly differentiated from bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells. The types and distribution of endocrine cells were identified by Mallory staining. Expressions of insulin, C-peptide, glucagon and somatostatin protein were detected by immunofluorescence cytochemical staining. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) Dithizone staining showed that the number of positive cells was increased over the induction time. (2) Mallory staining showed the red α-like cells were located in the periphery of the islet-like cell mass, the yellow β-like cells located in the center and periphery, and the light blue fibroblasts were distributed around the cell mass. (3) Immunofluorescence staining showed insulin, C-peptide, glucagon and somatostatin positive cells in the islet-like cell mass. To conclude, under certain microenvironment, bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells can differentiate into islet-like structures which containing α, β, δ-like cells, and are surrounded by fibroblast-like cells.
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Objective To assess the diagnostic yields of clinical chromosomal microarray ( CMA) testing for patients with neurodevelopmetal disorders ( NDD) , and to characterize the spectrum of pathogenic copy number variation(CNV) in NDD.Methods The study was a cross-sectional study.NDD patients from Shanghai Children′s Medical Center ( SCMC ) from April 2014 to April 2015 were recruited.DNA samples from SCMC cohort were tested on Affymetrix Cytoscan Dx microarray platform.The diagnostic yields of CMA testing were further assessed for the whole NDD cohort and each subgroup.Results A genome-wide genotype-phenotype analysis on a total of 107 NDD cases with CMA testing was conducted.Based on the SCMC clinical cohort, the overall diagnostic yield of CMA testing for NDD patients was 20.6%(22/107). Excluding one case with chromosomal aneuploid, the frequency of non-polymorphic CNVs of the rest NDD cases were 25.5%(27/106).The diagnostic yield for developmental delay/intellectual disorder(DD/ID) and autism spectrum disorder(ASD)were 26.3% (15/57) and 10.2%(4/39) respectively.DD/ID was more likely to be associated with CNV than ASD and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder(ADHD).Five recurrent genomic loci were significantly enriched in patients including 1q21.1-q21.2, 15q11.2-q13.1, 22q11.2, 7q11.23 and 17q11.2.Conclusion CNV is an important pathogenesis in NDD.
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Objective:To explore the possible role and clinical significance of Th1 and Th2 class cytokines in the pathogenesis of re-current aphthous ulcer (RAU).Methods:35 cases with RAU,25 of minor RAU(MiRAU)and 1 0 of major RAU(MaRAU),were enrolled and 24 healthy subjects served as the controls.The expression levels of Th1 type cytokines (IFN-γ,TNF-α,IL-2)and Th2 type cytokines (IL-4,IL-6,IL-1 0)in the serum of peripheral blood were investigated by flow cytometry CBA methods and their rela-tionship with the clinical features of RAU was analyzed by SPSS 1 1 .5.Results:The expression level of IL-4 and IL-1 0 in MiRAU group was higher than that in the controls(P <0.05),and the expression level of IFN-γ,IL-4 and IL-1 0 in MaRAU group was higher than that in the controls(P <0.05).The expression level of IFN-γand IL-1 0 in MaRAU was higher than that in MiRAU.There was a positive correlation between the levels of IFN-γ,IL-4,IL-1 0 and the severity of RAU.Conclusion:Predominant Th2 immune re-sponse plays a role in RAU,and the level of IFN-γ,IL-4 and IL-1 0 is correlated with the severity of RAU.
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Objective To investigate the correlation between atypical respiratory pathogens infection and serum total IgE levels . Methods Serum IgM level was detected in 1 913 blood samples of children with atypical respiratory infection by using indirect im‐munofluorescence assay ,including mycoplasma pneumonia(MP) ,legionella pneumophila (LP) ,rickettsia Q(QFR) ,chlamydia pneu‐monia(CPn) ,adenovirus (Adv) ,respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) ,influenza A virus (IAv) ,influenza B virus (IBv) and parainflu‐enza virus (PIV)1/2/3 .The serum total IgE level was detected by immune scatter turbidimetry .Software SPSS 17 .0 was used in data statistical analysis .Results A total of 991 out of 1 913 samples of respiratory inflected children exhibited positive(positive group) ,while 922 exhibited negative(negative group) in indirect immunofluorescence assay .650 out of the 991 positive samples (65 .59% ) contained MP infection and the combination of MP infection and other virus infections .The serum total IgE level in posi‐tive group was significantly higher than that of the negative group ,and the serum total IgE level in samples with MP infection was higher than that in samples with IBv infection ,Adv infection ,and RSV infection .In the samples in which serum total IgE level was higher than the clinical reference range (100 kU/mL) ,the infection rate of MP infection alone was 31 .29% ,which was evidently higher than that in samples of low IgE level(< 100 kU/mL ,21 .30% ) .On the other hand ,the infection rate of RSV alone was 1 .88% and the infection rate of Adv alone was 3 .13% ,which were both evidently lower than those in samples with normal serum total IgE level(both 6 .53% ) .Conclusion MP is the most common pathogen in children with atypical respiratory pathogen infec‐tion ,and can lead to higher serum total IgE levels .
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Objective To investigate the clinical efficacy of bilateral decompressive craniotomy for treating the patients with double hedge severe craniocerebral injury (DHSCBI).Methods Sixty patients with DHSCBI were divided by random digits table method into treatment group and control group with 30 cases each.The treatment group was treated with bilateral decompressive craniotomy,while the control group was treated with traditional unilateral craniotomy.The acute brain swelling,incisional hernia,intracranial pressure of postoperative 1,3,7 d were observed and recorded.The patients were followed up for 3 months to evaluate the clinical efficacy.Results The incidence of acute brain swelling and incisional hernia in treatment group were 13.3％ (4/30) and 20.0％ (6/30),respectively,which were significantly lower than those in control group [56.7％ (17/30) and 63.3％ (19/30)] (P ＜0.01 ).The intracranial pressure of postoperative 1,3,7 d in treatment group [(21.34 ±3.05),(18.43 ±2.63),(15.52 ±2.21) mm Hg(1mm Hg =0.133 kPa)] were significantly lower than those in control group[ (31.21 ± 4.46),(29.13 ±4.16),(24.97 ±3.57) mm Hg] (P ＜0.05).The clinical efficacy in treatment group [53.3％ (16/30)] was significantly higher than that in control group [23.3％ (7/30)] (P ＜ 0.05 ).The mortality rate in treatment group [16.7％ (5/30)] was significantly lower than that in control group [40.0％(12/30)] (P ＜0.05).Conclusions Compared with traditional unilateral craniotomy,bilateral decompressive craniotomy can reduce the incidence of acute brain swelling and incisional hernia of DHSCBI patients,and have better prognosis.It is worthy of clinical application.
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Objective To investigate the pathogenesis of hepatorenal syndrome(HRS),especially the role of the vasoconstrictor that and vasodilator that played in the process.Methods The patients were divided into two groups for observation:The patients of chronic hepatitis with HRS were observational group,the patients of chronic hepatitis without hepatorenal syndrome were control group.Immunoenzyme technique was used for detecting the quantity of renin、atrial natruretic polypeptide、nitric oxide and endothelin in blood and ascites of all patients in two groups respectively.Then we compared the data of the two groups.Results Compared with those of the control group,rennin and endothelin in blood and ascites of the observational group increased significantly(P